Category: English

What is a Calcium Score Test?

A Calcium Score Test is a CT (computed tomography) scan that assesses the amount of calcium in your coronary arteries. Calcium deposits can indicate plaque buildup, which may lead to heart disease.

Who Should Consider This Test?

This test is useful for individuals between 40 and 70 who are at increased risk for heart disease but do not have clear symptoms. It is particularly recommended if you:

• Have a family history of heart disease
• Use tobacco
• Have high cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure
• Are overweight or obese
• Lead a sedentary lifestyle

Individuals under the age of 40 with a family history of high cholesterol may also consider undergoing this test.

Test Details

How It Works:

A Calcium Score Test involves a quick, non-invasive CT scan of the heart. You will lie on a table that moves into a scanner, while electrodes monitor your heart’s electrical activity.

What to Expect:

The scan takes a few minutes, and you may need to hold your breath briefly. The CT scanner captures images of your heart, which are analyzed for calcium deposits.

Results and Follow-Up

Understanding Your Score:

• 0: No calcium detected – very low risk of heart attack in the next 2-5 years.
• 1-10: Small amount of plaque – low risk, consider preventive measures.
• 11-100: Moderate amount of plaque – higher risk; may need additional treatments.
• 101-400: High amount of plaque – significant risk; lifestyle changes and medication may be necessary.
• Above 400: Extensive plaque – high risk; aggressive treatment and lifestyle modifications are required.

Timing for Results:

Results may be available on the same day or within a few days. Follow up with your provider if you do not receive your results within a week or if you have additional questions.

Does the Test Show Blocked Arteries?

The test measures calcium deposits indicative of plaque but does not directly show blocked arteries.

Test Limitations:

It does not detect all forms of coronary disease, such as “soft plaque.” It is a tool to assess risk rather than a definitive measure of heart health.

Key Takeaway:

The Calcium Score Test provides important insights into your heart health by measuring calcium buildup in your arteries, helping to evaluate your risk of heart disease and guide preventive measures. Feel free to discuss with your healthcare provider to determine if this test is right for you.

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally, but the good news is that many heart conditions can be prevented with the right lifestyle choices. Adopting healthy habits not only reduces the risk of heart disease but also enhances overall quality of life. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll share the top 10 lifestyle changes that can make a significant difference in your cardiovascular health.

1 Embrace a Heart-Healthy Diet

A nutritious diet is foundational for heart health. Focus on:

• Eating More Fruits and Vegetables: Aim for a variety of colorful produce to ensure a range of nutrients and antioxidants. These foods help reduce inflammation and support heart health.
• Choosing Whole Grains: Foods like quinoa, barley, and brown rice are rich in fiber, which helps lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar.
• Incorporating Healthy Fats: Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil. Omega-3 fatty acids from fatty fish like salmon and sardine also support heart function and reduce inflammation.

2 Commit to Regular Physical Activity

Exercise is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health. Aim for:

• 150 Minutes of Moderate-Intensity Exercise per Week: Activities such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming strengthen the heart muscle and improve circulation.
• Strength Training Exercises: Incorporate strength training twice a week to enhance overall fitness and support cardiovascular health.

3 Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Weight

Excess weight increases the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. To manage your weight:

• Combine a Balanced Diet with Regular Exercise: This approach helps in achieving and sustaining a healthy weight.
• Monitor Portion Sizes: Be mindful of portion sizes to avoid overeating, even when consuming healthy foods.

4. Quit Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, as it damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Quitting smoking has immediate and long-term benefits:

• Improved Circulation: Your blood pressure and heart rate return to normal levels within weeks.
• Reduced Risk of Heart Disease: Former smokers have a lower risk of heart disease compared to current smokers.

5. Avoid Alcohol for a Healthier Heart

Alcohol can significantly impact your cardiovascular health, leading to elevated blood pressure and irregular heartbeats. For optimal heart health, it’s best to avoid alcohol entirely. By making this change, you not only lower your risk of heart disease but also enhance your overall well-being, increase your energy levels, and improve mental clarity.

6. Manage Stress Effectively

Chronic stress can have adverse effects on heart health. To manage stress:

• Practice Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can help reduce stress levels.
• Engage in Hobbies and Leisure Activities: Make time for activities that you enjoy to alleviate stress.

7. Get Regular Health Screenings

Routine check-ups can help catch early signs of heart disease. Regular screenings include:

• Blood Pressure Monitoring: Keep track of your blood pressure to identify any issues early.
• Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Tests: Regular tests help manage risk factors associated with heart disease.

8. Stay Hydrated

Proper hydration supports overall health, including cardiovascular function. Aim to:

• Drink Plenty of Water: Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day to keep your body hydrated and support healthy circulation.

9. Prioritize Quality Sleep

Adequate sleep is essential for heart health. To improve sleep quality:

• Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day to regulate your sleep cycle.
• Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine: Engage in calming activities before bed, such as reading or taking a warm bath.

10. Foster Strong Social Connections

Positive social interactions can boost mental health and reduce stress. To enhance social well-being:

• Build and Maintain Relationships: Spend quality time with family and friends.
• Participate in Community Activities: Join groups or clubs that interest you to expand your social network.

Conclusion

Implementing these lifestyle changes can greatly reduce your risk of heart disease and improve your overall health. By adopting a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and managing stress, you can make proactive choices that support your cardiovascular system. For personalized advice and support, consider consulting with a healthcare professional to tailor these recommendations to your individual needs.

Stress is a common experience, but when chronic, it can have serious implications for heart health. Understanding how stress affects your cardiovascular system and learning effective management strategies are crucial for maintaining a healthy heart. As a consultant cardiologist, I’ll guide you through the relationship between stress and heart health, and provide actionable tips for managing stress.

How Stress Affects the Heart

Chronic stress triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can lead to:

• Increased Heart Rate: Persistent stress can keep the heart working harder.
• Elevated Blood Pressure: Long-term stress can contribute to hypertension.
• Increased levels of inflammation: Stress is linked to higher levels of inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries.
• Increased blood clotting: Stress increases the chances of blood clotting
• Increased chance of plaque rupture: Sudden surges in blood pressure can lead to rupture of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries and trigger a heart attack.

Indirect effects of stress on the heart: Chronic or repetitive stress lead to behavioral changes that can adversely affect the heart

• Smoking and alcohol intake
• Over eating, Eating unhealthy diet and weight gain.
• Lack of sleep and exercise: 

Effective Stress Management Techniques

Managing stress is important for keeping your heart healthy. Here are some simple ways to help you handle stress better:

1. Practice Mindfulness and Meditation

Engaging in mindfulness practices can help reduce stress levels by:

• Promoting Relaxation
• Enhancing Emotional Regulation
• Improving Overall Well-Being

2. Exercise Regularly

Physical activity is a powerful stress reliever. It helps by:

• Releasing Endorphins: Natural mood lifters.
• Improving Sleep Quality: Better sleep can reduce stress.
• Enhancing Cardiovascular Health: Regular exercise strengthens the heart.

3. Maintain a Healthy Diet

Eating a balanced diet can influence how your body handles stress. Focus on:

• Whole Foods: Fruits, vegetables, and lean meat.
• Reducing Caffeine and Sugar: .

4. Establish Healthy Sleep Habits

Adequate sleep is essential for managing stress. Aim for:

• 7-9 Hours of Sleep Per Night
• Consistent Sleep Schedule
• A Relaxing Bedtime Routine

5. Build Strong Social Support

Connecting with friends and family can help alleviate stress. Try to:

• Engage in Social Activities
• Seek Support When Needed
• Share Your Feelings and Concerns

6. Practice Deep Breathing Exercises

Deep breathing can help activate the body’s relaxation response. Techniques include:

• Diaphragmatic Breathing
• Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Conclusion

Understanding and managing stress is essential for maintaining heart health. By incorporating stress reduction techniques into your daily routine, you can improve your cardiovascular well-being and overall quality of life. If you need personalized guidance and support to effectively manage stress and protect your heart, Medeor Hospital in Abu Dhabi is here to help. Our experienced healthcare professionals are ready to provide tailored advice and treatment options. 

Call us today at 80055 to schedule your consultation and take the first step toward a healthier, stress-free life.

Introduction:

A 15-year-old female presented to the Ophthalmology clinic approximately 3 months ago with a history of outward deviation of the left eye along with double vision.

History of Presenting Illness:

Initially, the outward deviation of the left eye was intermittent, noticed only when she was tired, inattentive, sick, or exposed to bright sunlight. Over time, the left eye deviation progressed to being present for more than 50 percent of the waking hours, accompanied by worsening double vision or diplopia. This indicated that the Exotropia was becoming decompensated.

Initial Assessment and Differential Diagnosis:

A complete ocular examination was performed, including anterior and posterior segment examinations, as well as motor and sensory evaluations for Exotropia. The best-corrected visual acuity for both eyes was 6/6 and N6. The corneal reflex showed 45-degree Exotropia in the left eye. The cover test demonstrated that the Exotropia was alternating with right eye dominance and that control of the Exotropia was fair. Ocular movements were full in all cardinal gazes. The prism cover test revealed approximately 85 prism diopters of left eye Exotropia with tenacious proximal fusion. The sensory examination using Worth four-dot testing indicated diplopia, as the patient saw 5 circles. Both anterior and posterior segments of the eyes were normal. Systemic and neurological examinations were normal, ruling out any neurological causes for the left eye Exotropia.

Investigations and Final Diagnosis:

After thorough evaluation, the decision was made to surgically correct the squint. Major concerns included the active tenacious proximal fusion, decompensation of the deviation, and the development of diplopia. Considering these factors and the parents’ concerns, the surgery was planned for the affected eye only, allowing room for a possible secondary procedure on the better eye in the future if needed. The child underwent a left eye lateral rectus recession (9.5 mm) and medial rectus resection (6.5 mm) under general anesthesia. The surgery was uneventful, and the patient tolerated the procedure well.

Post-Operative Examination:

Post-operatively, the patient was examined the next day. The corneal reflex showed approximately 5-degree Exotropia in the left eye, the sutures appeared intact, and the patient no longer complained of double vision. The patient was discharged with instructions for post-operative care.

On the 10th post-operative day, the patient was examined in the OPD. The corneal reflex was now central, and the patient had achieved optimal single binocular vision. Both the patient and her parents were extremely happy and satisfied with the surgical outcome. She has been advised to continue her post-operative care and attend regular follow-ups.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of regular eye check-ups. Not all squints require surgical correction; such decisions should be made after thorough examination. For those requiring surgical intervention, time and expertise are crucial, as they impact both the surgical motor outcome in terms of optimal ocular alignment and the sensory outcome in terms of achieving single binocular vision.

As summer winds down and the new school year looms, parents have a lot on their plates. But amid the rush for new backpacks and school supplies, there’s something even more crucial to consider: your child’s health. Let’s chat about why those back-to-school check-ups are so important.

Catching Problems Early

You know how it goes—ignore a small issue, and before you know it, it becomes a big headache. The same applies to your child’s health. These check-ups act as a safety net, catching potential problems before they become major obstacles. Maybe your little one needs glasses or perhaps they’re having trouble hearing the teacher. Spotting these issues early can make a world of difference in the classroom.

Shots, Shots, Shots!

No, not the fun kind. We’re talking about vaccines. I know, nobody likes getting jabbed, but trust me, these immunizations are crucial. They not only protect your child but also safeguard the entire school community. Plus, many schools require them, so you’re killing two birds with one stone.

Mental Health Matters

Let’s face it—going back to school can be stressful. New teachers, new classmates, maybe even a new school. It’s a lot to handle. That’s why these check-ups often include a mental health screening. If your child is feeling anxious or down, it’s better to know now and get them the support they need. Happy kids learn better, after all.

Fitness Check

Is your kid the next sports superstar? Or maybe they just enjoy a good game of tag at recess. Either way, these check-ups assess their physical fitness. It’s about making sure they’re growing well and identifying any issues that might lead to injuries down the line.

Healthy Habits 101

Your pediatrician isn’t just there to poke and prod. They’re a fountain of knowledge when it comes to keeping your kid healthy. From tips on packing nutritious lunches to advice on getting enough sleep, these check-ups are a goldmine of information.

Building a Health History

Think of these check-ups as creating a health timeline for your child. By tracking their growth and development year after year, doctors can spot any unusual changes more easily. It’s like having a health roadmap for your kid.

Squeaky Clean

And let’s not forget about hygiene. These visits are a great chance to reinforce the importance of washing hands and brushing teeth. Trust me, teachers everywhere will thank you for this!

Summer Health Tips

While we’re on the subject of health, let’s not forget about keeping our kiddos healthy during the summer months. Here are some quick tips:

• Water, water, everywhere: Keep those water bottles filled!
• Sunscreen is your friend: Slather it on, and don’t forget to reapply.
• Eat the rainbow: Summer’s the perfect time for fresh fruits and veggies.
• Get moving: Encourage outdoor play and activities.
• Unplug: Set some limits on screen time.
• Stick to a sleep schedule: Yes, even during summer.
• Safety first: Whether it’s bikes or pools, teach your kids about staying safe.

Remember, a healthy summer leads to a great start to the school year. So, book that check-up, stock up on sunscreen, and get ready for a fantastic year ahead. Your child’s health is the best school supply you can provide!

Introduction:

An inborn term neonate weighing 2600 g developed meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) at birth. The baby experienced respiratory failure requiring high-frequency oscillatory ventilation support. Pulmonary hypertension, along with hypotension and left ventricular dysfunction noted on point-of-care echocardiography (POCE), necessitated a trial of epinephrine and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). The case was further complicated by bilateral pneumothorax. Despite an extremely complex presentation with severe hypoxemic failure refractory to iNO, a novel treatment plan led to intact survival.

Case Presentation:

A 37-week, 2600-gram male neonate was delivered by emergency lower segment cesarean section for fetal distress and meconium-stained liquor. The antenatal period was uneventful. The baby developed worsening respiratory distress at 15 hours of life, requiring high-frequency oscillatory (HFO) ventilation with a mean airway pressure as high as 20 cm and an oxygenation index (OI) of 22. Point-of-care functional echocardiography revealed severe PPHN (pulmonary artery pressure 70 mmHg) with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (LV fractional shortening 18%). Epinephrine was initiated to augment LV contractility, followed by iNO therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) secondary to severe PPHN. However, the baby turned out to be an iNO non-responder.

The Crucial Salvage:

This complex scenario of HRF with hypotension and iNO-refractory PPHN was managed by adding vasopressin infusion, which has a unique combination of vasopressor activity on systemic circulation and vasodilatory action on pulmonary circulation. The addition of vasopressin to iNO therapy helped improve hypotension and reduce pulmonary pressures. The baby also developed bilateral pneumothorax, which was managed with bilateral intercostal drainage. As blood pressure improved with epinephrine, milrinone was added to further improve PPHN due to its ino-dilatory properties.

Outcome:

Following an intricate protocol of epinephrine, iNO, vasopressin, and milrinone in a novel and crucial sequence, along with continuous bedside point-of-care functional echocardiography for monitoring LV function and PPHN, the baby was successfully salvaged and discharged on day 30 of life.

Follow-up:

At 3 months of age, the baby had appropriate weight gain and a completely normal neurological examination without any respiratory issues.

Severe PPHN: Management Strategies in iNO Non-Responders

Inhaled NO is the treatment of choice for pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in neonates. However, poor lung development secondary to extraneous contents in the thorax or prolonged suppression of endogenous NO synthase have been postulated as reasons for poor response to iNO. Sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase V inhibitor) and milrinone (a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) have been used to treat PPHN non-responsive to iNO with variable success rates.

Vasopressin acts on systemic arterial V1 receptors and causes vasoconstriction. By activating pulmonary vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase through the oxytocin endothelial receptor, it has also been reported to have pulmonary vasodilatory effects. This action helps create a high systemic and low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) state, thereby tipping the balance towards a higher systemic vascular resistance (SVR)ratio.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of combining clinical and physiological principles of drug actions and synergisms to treat complicated cases of refractory PPHN with systemic hypotension and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Point-of-care neonatologist-performed echocardiography-based management is crucial for monitoring dynamic changes in neonatal pulmonary and cardiac functions, facilitating physiology-based, timely treatment in critically ill neonates.

Learning Points:

• This case demonstrates the potential of vasopressin in the treatment of severe pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) that is refractory to inhaled nitric oxide.
• Vasopressin has a favorable effect on both systemic and pulmonary vasculature, unlike other non-selective pulmonary vasodilators (e.g., sildenafil) currently in use.
• Point-of-care neonatologist-performed echocardiography-based management aids in timely and physiology-based management of fragile, sick newborns.

Breastfeeding is a beautiful journey, but it comes with its own set of challenges. Dr. Eman Samir, a Specialist in Obstetrics & Gynecology at Medeor Hospital, shares essential tips to support you through this journey. From ensuring a proper latch to taking care of your own health, these insights can make breastfeeding a smoother experience for both you and your baby.

Benefits for Baby

Breastfeeding provides the ideal nutrition for infants. It contains the perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat that your baby needs to grow. Breast milk is easier to digest than formula, and the antibodies in breast milk help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria, reducing the risk of infections and diseases.

Ensure a Good Latch

A proper latch is essential for comfortable breastfeeding and efficient milk transfer. Make sure your baby’s mouth covers most of the areola, not just the nipple. This helps prevent nipple soreness and ensures that your baby gets enough milk. If you’re having trouble with latching, don’t hesitate to seek help from a lactation consultant.

Breastfeeding Positions

Finding a comfortable breastfeeding position is important for both you and your baby. Experiment with different positions such as cradle hold, football hold, or lying on your side until you find what works best. Comfort can help make breastfeeding more enjoyable and reduce the risk of issues like blocked ducts or mastitis.

Feed on Demand

Newborns typically need to breastfeed 8-12 times a day. Feeding on demand means responding to your baby’s hunger cues, which can include rooting, sucking on fingers, or making sucking noises. Frequent feeding helps establish and maintain your milk supply and ensures that your baby gets the nutrition they need.

Eat Nutritious Foods

A balanced diet is vital for nursing mothers. Eating a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, supports your health and milk production. Pay attention to your body’s signals and eat when you’re hungry to keep your energy levels up.

Benefits for Mom

Breastfeeding is not only beneficial for babies but also for mothers. It helps in burning extra calories, aiding postpartum weight loss. Breastfeeding releases oxytocin, which helps your uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may reduce uterine bleeding after birth. It also lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancer and may help prevent osteoporosis.

Burping Your Baby

Gently burping your baby after feeding helps release any air they might have swallowed during breastfeeding. This can reduce fussiness and discomfort. Hold your baby upright with their head on your shoulder and gently pat or rub their back to help them burp.

Breastfeeding can be a rewarding experience when equipped with the right knowledge and support. Follow these tips from Dr. Eman Samir to help ensure a healthy and comfortable breastfeeding journey for you and your baby.

For more personalized advice and support, schedule a consultation with Dr. Eman Samir at Medeor Hospital. Our team is here to assist you every step of the way.

Contact us today to book your appointment and take the next step towards a successful breastfeeding journey!

As we mark Lung Cancer Awareness Day, it’s crucial to shine a light on a silent killer that claims more lives annually than breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers combined. Lung cancer often sneaks up on us, remaining undetected until it’s advanced. That’s why early detection through screening is so vital.

Let’s discuss why lung cancer screening is a game-changer, especially here in the UAE.

The Lung Cancer Challenge

Lung cancer is a formidable foe, responsible for about a quarter of all cancer deaths worldwide. In 2020, it claimed nearly 1.8 million lives globally. The scary part? By the time symptoms appear, the cancer is often already in its later stages.

But here’s the good news: catch it early, and your chances of beating it skyrocket. We’re talking about a five-year survival rate of almost 60% for early-stage lung cancer, compared to a grim less than 10% for advanced cases.

Who’s at Risk?

In the UAE, several factors increase the risk:

• Smoking: It remains the leading risk factor for lung cancer, especially among men in the UAE.
• Work Hazards: Rapid industrialization has increased exposure to harmful substances like asbestos and radon.
• Air Quality: Our desert climate, dust storms, and urban growth don’t do our lungs any favors.
• Genetics: Sometimes, it’s in the DNA. Some people are naturally more susceptible to lung cancer.

Why Screening is a Smart Move ?

• Early Detection: Low-dose CT scans can detect lung cancer when it’s still small and more treatable.
• More Treatment Options: Early detection provides more treatment choices. Surgery or radiation might be sufficient, avoiding more aggressive therapies.
• Lives Saved: Studies show that proper screening can reduce lung cancer deaths by up to 20%.
• Cost-Efficiency: Although screening might seem costly initially, it’s cheaper than treating advanced cancer in the long run.

Who Should Get Screened?

Not everyone needs screening. Consider it if:

• You’re between 55 and 80 years old.
• You’re a current smoker or have quit within the last 15 years.
• You have a significant smoking history (e.g., a pack a day for 30 years).
• Lung cancer runs in your family.

Spread the Word

Awareness days like this are all about spreading the message. The more people know about lung cancer screening, the more lives we can save. It’s that simple.

Wrapping Up

Lung cancer screening is a powerful tool in our fight against this deadly disease. For those at high risk, it could be a lifesaver. This Lung Cancer Awareness Day, let’s make some noise about screening. Talk to your doctor, spread the word, and let’s catch this sneaky killer before it catches us.

Remember, knowledge is power. And in this case, it could be the power to save a life—maybe even your own.

Symptoms, Causes, and Long-Lasting Relief

Dry eyes are a common condition in which the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep them adequately lubricated and moist. This can result in red, irritated eyes and, if left untreated, may even lead to vision loss. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for dry eyes is crucial for maintaining eye health.

What Are Dry Eyes?

Dry eyes occur when the eyes fail to produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. Tears are essential for eye lubrication and comfort. Without adequate tears, the eyes can become red, irritated, and, in severe cases, vision can be compromised.

What Causes Dry Eyes?

Several underlying causes can lead to dry eyes. The most common cause is decreased tear production, often due to a deficiency in one or more tear components: mucus, water, and oil. A frequent cause of decreased tear production is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), where the glands do not produce enough oil to keep the eyes moist.

Environmental Conditions

Environmental factors such as wind and cold weather can exacerbate dry eyes. Prolonged use of digital devices like mobile phones, tablets, and computers also contributes to this condition, causing significant discomfort. Exposure to air conditioning or heating systems can also dry out the eyes by reducing humidity levels in the environment.

Health Conditions

Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders like Sjogren’s syndrome, can reduce tear production. Sjogren’s syndrome involves the immune system attacking the tear glands, leading to chronic dryness. Other autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can also impact tear production and cause dry eyes.

Additional Factors

• Age: Tear production slows down with age, making dry eyes more common in older adults. The aging process can affect the glands that produce tears, leading to decreased tear production.
• Contact Lenses: Wearing contact lenses can irritate and damage the eye’s surface, leading to dryness. Long-term use of contact lenses can reduce the amount of oxygen that reaches the cornea, exacerbating dryness.
• Medications: Some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants, can cause dry eyes as a side effect. Allergy eye drops and steroid ointments can also contribute to dryness.

Symptoms, Causes, and Long-Lasting Relief

Dry eyes are a common condition in which the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep them adequately lubricated and moist. This can result in red, irritated eyes and, if left untreated, may even lead to vision loss. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for dry eyes is crucial for maintaining eye health.

What Are Dry Eyes?

Dry eyes occur when the eyes fail to produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. Tears are essential for eye lubrication and comfort. Without adequate tears, the eyes can become red, irritated, and, in severe cases, vision can be compromised.

What Causes Dry Eyes?

Several underlying causes can lead to dry eyes. The most common cause is decreased tear production, often due to a deficiency in one or more tear components: mucus, water, and oil. A frequent cause of decreased tear production is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), where the glands do not produce enough oil to keep the eyes moist.

Environmental Conditions

Environmental factors such as wind and cold weather can exacerbate dry eyes. Prolonged use of digital devices like mobile phones, tablets, and computers also contributes to this condition, causing significant discomfort. Exposure to air conditioning or heating systems can also dry out the eyes by reducing humidity levels in the environment.

Health Conditions

Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders like Sjogren’s syndrome, can reduce tear production. Sjogren’s syndrome involves the immune system attacking the tear glands, leading to chronic dryness. Other autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can also impact tear production and cause dry eyes.

Additional Factors

• Age: Tear production slows down with age, making dry eyes more common in older adults. The aging process can affect the glands that produce tears, leading to decreased tear production.
• Contact Lenses: Wearing contact lenses can irritate and damage the eye’s surface, leading to dryness. Long-term use of contact lenses can reduce the amount of oxygen that reaches the cornea, exacerbating dryness.
• Medications: Some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants, can cause dry eyes as a side effect. Allergy eye drops and steroid ointments can also contribute to dryness.

What Are the Symptoms?

The symptoms of dry eyes can vary but typically include:

• Eye discomfort
• Eye irritation or pain
• A gritty feeling in the eyes
• Difficulty focusing on near objects
• Burning sensation in the eyes
• An itchy or scratchy feeling
• A foreign body sensation (feeling like something is in the eye)
• Sensitivity to light
• Blurred vision or eye fatigue
• Excessive tearing (as a response to irritation)

How Is It Diagnosed?

Dry eye is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. The ophthalmologist will review your medical history and perform a thorough eye examination. Common diagnostic tests include:

• Visual Acuity Test: Measures how well you can see at different distances.
• Punctate Corneal Staining: Uses special dyes to highlight damage to the surface of the eye, indicating dryness or infection.
• Schirmer Test: Measures tear production by assessing how much liquid is produced when you blink. Small strips of filter paper are placed under the lower eyelids to measure tear output.
• Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT): Measures how long it takes for the tear film to break up, indicating tear film stability. A dye is applied to the tears, and the time it takes for dry spots to appear on the cornea is measured.

What Is the Treatment for Dry Eyes?

Treating dry eyes involves addressing all potential causes. Start by ensuring your eyelids are clean, avoiding allergens, and limiting screen time. If symptoms persist, consider using artificial tears or prescription eye drops that contain lubricating agents. Other treatment options include:

• Warm Compresses: Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help unclog the meibomian glands and improve oil production.
• Lid Hygiene: Cleaning the eyelids with a gentle cleanser can help reduce inflammation and bacterial buildup that can contribute to dry eyes.
• Omega-3 Supplements: Consuming omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil and flaxseed oil, can improve the quality of tears and reduce inflammation.
• Punctal Plugs: These small devices are inserted into the tear ducts to prevent tears from draining away too quickly, keeping the eyes moist for a longer period.
• Prescription Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications, such as cyclosporine or lifitegrast, can be prescribed to reduce inflammation and increase tear production.

For persistent dry eyes, consult with a specialist ophthalmologist like Dr. Anjana Karunakaran or Dr. Ayesha Farheen Shaikh at Medeor Hospital Dubai, who can provide advanced treatments tailored to your needs.

How to Prevent Dry Eyes

Preventing dry eyes involves maintaining a clean and healthy eye area. Regularly wash your face with gentle, non-irritating soap and rinse with water. To keep your eyes hydrated:

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption, as both can contribute to dehydration and dry eyes.
• Limit the duration of contact lens wear and ensure proper cleaning and handling of lenses.
• Use a humidifier in your home or office to maintain adequate humidity levels.
• Take frequent breaks from screen time to reduce eye strain and dryness. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.
• Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from wind and UV rays, which can exacerbate dryness.

If you experience dry eye symptoms, such as burning, itching, or redness, consult with an eye doctor promptly. Regular check-ups with an experienced ophthalmologist can help manage and treat dry eyes effectively.

Understanding the Risks and Managing Dry Eyes

Dry eyes can be temporary or chronic, and untreated chronic dry eye can lead to complications like double vision or infections. Relief is available through home remedies, over-the-counter (OTC), or prescription eye drops. It is also essential to understand the underlying causes to prevent or manage them effectively.

Common Causes of Chronic Dry Eye

• Aging: Tear production declines with age, especially after 50.
• Medications: Certain medications reduce mucus production, contributing to dry eyes.
• Computer Use: Staring at a computer screen can reduce blinking, leading to quicker tear evaporation.
• Laser Surgery: Temporary dry eye can occur after laser vision correction surgery.
• Menopause: Hormonal changes can reduce tear production.
• Vitamin A Deficiency: A lack of vitamin A in the diet can lead to dry eyes.
• Wind Exposure: High winds can cause tears to evaporate too quickly.
• Sjögren’s Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder affecting tear production.
• Other Autoimmune Conditions: Conditions like arthritis, lupus, and diabetes can affect tear production.
• Blepharitis: Inflammation of oil glands on the eyelid.
• Allergies: Allergies can cause eye dryness and irritation.
• Mild Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids can lead to dry eyes.
• Low Humidity: Dry air can cause tears to evaporate quickly.
• Smoke: Smoking or exposure to smoke can dry out the eyes.
• Contact Lenses: Long-term use can obstruct oxygen to the cornea.

Tips for Relief

Avoid smoking, dry environments, and direct air exposure. Use eye drops, humidifiers, and take breaks from screens. If certain medications cause dryness, consult your doctor about alternatives. In some cases, doctors may suggest temporary or permanent procedures like placing plugs in tear ducts to help retain moisture.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent dryness, redness, or pain, consult with an eye doctor. Specialists like Dr. Anjana Karunakaran and Dr. Ayesha Farheen Shaikh at Medeor Hospital Dubai can help diagnose and treat chronic dry eye, preventing complications such as infections or inflammation.

Takeaway

Understanding the causes of dry eye is the first step toward effective treatment. With the right care, lifestyle adjustments, and medical support, you can manage dry eye symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

By consulting with experienced ophthalmologists, you can ensure that your eyes stay healthy and comfortable.